What is the Greenhouse Effect?
The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon in which certain gases in the Earth’s atmosphere absorb and re-emit some of the heat radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface. These gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and water vapor (H2O), act like “glass” in a greenhouse, allowing sunlight to enter the atmosphere and warm the earth’s surface. However, these gases also limit the amount of heat that can escape from the atmosphere, causing global temperatures to rise.
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Human activities, especially the use of fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gas, have caused a drastic increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. As a result, the greenhouse effect becomes stronger and causes global warming which has an impact on climate change.
Impact of the greenhouse effect and global warming
Global Temperature Increase
The Earth’s average temperature is gradually increasing, causing changes in extreme weather patterns and melting of polar ice and glaciers.
Sea Level Rise
Global warming causes the expansion of sea water and melting of ice, leading to sea level rise and threats to coastal areas.
Ecosystem Disturbance
Climate change can cause disruptions in ecosystems, including animal migration, seasonal changes, and habitat destruction.
Disruption to Agriculture
Changing weather patterns and extreme drought or flooding can affect agricultural yields and food security.
Biodiversity Loss
Global warming can cause the extinction of species that cannot adapt to climate change.
The following are the causes of the Greenhouse Effect
Burning Fossil Fuels
The use of fossil fuels, such as coal, petroleum and natural gas, for energy and transportation purposes, produces greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide (CO2). This activity contributes significantly to the increase in the greenhouse effect.
Deforestation
Massive deforestation causes a reduction in the absorption of carbon dioxide by plants. When forests are cut down, carbon previously stored in trees and soil is released into the atmosphere as CO2.
Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
Agricultural and livestock production contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, such as methane (CH4) from livestock and organic waste, as well as nitrogen oxides (N2O) from fertilizer use.
Industry
Industrial processes such as cement, iron-steel and chemical production can produce CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gases.
Use of Freon and CFCs
The use of chemicals such as freon and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in refrigerants, air conditioners and aerosols results in the emission of powerful greenhouse gases, such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs).
Waste Management
Disposal of solid and liquid waste that does not meet standards or is processed properly can produce greenhouse gases, such as methane from landfills.
